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German aircraft carrier I (1915)
The aircraft carrier I〔"I" was the provisional name for the ship under which she was ordered; had she been completed she would have been assigned an actual name.〕 was the first planned aircraft carrier conversion project of the German Imperial Navy (''Kaiserliche Marine'') during World War I. The Imperial Navy had experimented previously with seaplane carriers, though these earlier conversions were too slow to operate with the High Seas Fleet and carried an insufficient number of aircraft. I was intended to carry between 23 and 30 aircraft, including fighters, bombers, and torpedo-bombers.
The ship was based on the incomplete hull of the Italian passenger ship ''Ausonia'', which was being built in Hamburg. The conversion was proposed by the Air Department of the Reichs Navy Office, but it was abandoned after negotiations within the German Navy over a proposed moratorium on new ships at the end of the war. After World War I ended, high inflation in Germany added to the cost of the ship, and as a result, the Italian shipping company for whom the ship was originally built, declined to purchase her. The vessel was therefore sold to shipbreakers and dismantled in 1922.
==Design==
''Ausonia'' began her existence as a turbine-powered passenger steamer, ordered by Italian Sitmar in 1914. The ship was built in the Blohm & Voss shipyard in Hamburg, under construction number 236.〔Gröner, p. 70〕 At the time, the only German seaplane carrier was the armored cruiser , which carried two planes.〔Greger, p. 87〕 The leadership of the German Navy believed that zeppelins were much more effective than seaplanes, both for reconnaissance and attack.〔Herwig, pp. 214–215〕 Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz, the architect of the German Navy, was particularly unimpressed by the performance of fixed-wing aircraft.〔Herwig, p. 213〕 Nevertheless, the Navy developed several naval aircraft before and during the war, including a pair of seaplane fighters, the W.12 and the W.29, both built by Hansa-Brandenburg. Twin-engined torpedo-floatplanes were also designed.〔Herwig, pp. 212–213〕
Regardless of the preference toward airships, several small merchant vessels were converted into seaplane carriers during World War I. They carried only two to four aircraft each, however, and were too slow to operate with the High Seas Fleet. The light cruiser , which was fast enough to steam with the Fleet, was converted into a seaplane carrier in 1918. She too, though, only carried two seaplanes. It was decided to convert the liner ''Ausonia'' into a flight-deck carrier for wheeled aircraft as well as floatplanes.〔Greger, p. 88〕 The plan for the conversion was drawn up by ''Leutnant zur See'' Jürgen Reimpell in 1918, an officer of the 1st Aviation Detachment.〔Schenk, p. 129〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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